Idk if this makes sense.
Obviously not via sexual reproduction but could a person’s genetic parents be of the same sex and that person be genetically indistinguishable from the rest of the population?
There are three genomes that go into an embryo. One from the chromosomes of the large gamete, the egg, one from the chromosomes of the small gamete, the sperm, and one from the mitochondria, in humans from the egg as well. If you had two XX donors you could make XX kids. If you had two XY donors you could make XX, XY, and YY variants. The only viable ones would be XY and XX, YY would not reach gestation.
That said, if you took the DNA from gametes from each, removed the nucleus and mitochondria of an egg, added the total gametic DNA from both to the cell, added a mitochondria from either donor, then it should, in theory, be a viable egg like in IVF. This is actually a strategy for dealing with a mitochondrial disease by donating mitochondrial DNA from another source rather than those impacted by the disease. The problem would be there are many ways for this to go wrong and be left with an unviable embryo, so it would likely take many many eggs and many many donated cells to get a single viable egg with the donated DNA. That said, it could technically work.
This called parthenogenesis, and is a main plot line in the book Seveneves…
There’s an in development technology called in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) that would allow same sex couples as well as infertile people to have biological children. It’s been in the works for over a decade and as far as I am aware has not yet been tested on humans.
Hand waving away a lot of the developmental process, you could make a male or female offspring from 2 males or a female offspring from 2 females that would be indistinguishable from the variety in the normal population.
Not a biologist, but I’m convinced it’s possible.
With induced pluripotent stemcells (stemcells made from nearly any cell of the body which can grow into anything too), we’ll find a way to make an egg from a man using any cells he provides. Then all you need is the other male partner’s sperm and a donor womb. Btw, the womb won’t have to be within a woman - artificial wombs are being researched.
Someone already posted the 3 parent technique. So it is at least already partially possible.
Since males have the XY chromosomes, they should be able to (theoretically) have female (XX) and male (XY) offspring. With advanced microbiology and artificial wombs, there’s no doubt in my mind that we’ll reach that point before the end of the century.
