Idk if this makes sense.
Obviously not via sexual reproduction but could a person’s genetic parents be of the same sex and that person be genetically indistinguishable from the rest of the population?
Interesting question, I found this
You can’t make a baby with two moms by simply fusing two eggs or adding one egg’s DNA to another’s. Even though the resulting embryo would have the usual 46 chromosomes, this wouldn’t work.
The reason isn’t some special string of A’s, G’s, T’s or C’s found in dad’s DNA. No, instead it has to do with chemical marks found on egg and sperm DNA. This methylation (as the marks are called) makes the DNA from each parent unique, and you need both to make a baby.
What these marks do is affect how at least 80 different genes are used. In science speak, these genes are imprinted.
As you may remember, we have two copies of each of our genes, one from each biological parent. The chemical marks shut off either the copy from the egg or sperm, depending on which has the marks present…
If an embryo’s DNA came from two parents of the same sex, then both copies of some of these imprinted genes will be shut off. And for the rest of these genes, both copies will be turned on. Embryos simply can’t survive when so many genes are out of whack. In fact, diseases like Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome can happen when just one of these genes isn’t passed on properly.
You can read more here if you’re curious
I feel cheated by this answer because it seems like the limiting factor is in the natural process of embryo development and not in if the genetic material itself is compatible.
Further in the article it even says it could be possible from 2 sperm cells if you used stem cells to turn a sperm cell into an egg cell? So it is possible then. But only for males? Could you use stem cells to turn an egg cell into a sperm cell and accomplish a similar result from 2 egg cells?
…I’m left with a strong inconclusive as to whether it’s possible :(
To vastly oversimplify how genetics and embryonic development works, the “default” for humans is female and men have genetic codes that overwrites these defaults during fetal development. To put it more bluntly, males have extra code which females lack.
That could explain why sperm+sperm could theoretically work using a stem cell as a mediator to remove the excess code, while egg+egg can’t do the same because you’d need to manually scribe the extra genes directly.
…I’m left with a strong inconclusive as to whether it’s possible :(
Possible, yes. Possible with current technology and understanding, no.
The methylation of DNA and other ways that its functionality is modified is something that is studied in epigenetics. Such modifications can also be carriers of heritable traits (ex. a study on Icelandic families found that experiencing famine could change the likelihood of diabetes two generations later). Modifying methylation has also been investigated for treatment of genetic diseases.
Conceivably, epigenome editing could be used to modify the sperm/egg methylation to make them compatible. But, that’s probably a ways a way from being practical.
It’s likely possible, but not at this stage of humanity. The human genome was only unlocked in the past few decades.
Gotta remember, the body of science of any field is still itself growing. More information becomes clear all the time. What was once considered impossible is now everyday boring stuff.
There are limitations to what we can do, and what we know we can do. It isn’t until we test more and try different things and unlock new technologies that the impossible becomes possible.
The answer does say
The reason isn’t some special string of A’s, G’s, T’s or C’s found in dad’s DNA.
It’s true that two same-sex parents of either sex have the basic genetic information to create a female child (a male child needs at least one male parent) but the natural process of embryo development is a big deal!
There’s an in development technology called in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) that would allow same sex couples as well as infertile people to have biological children. It’s been in the works for over a decade and as far as I am aware has not yet been tested on humans.
There are three genomes that go into an embryo. One from the chromosomes of the large gamete, the egg, one from the chromosomes of the small gamete, the sperm, and one from the mitochondria, in humans from the egg as well. If you had two XX donors you could make XX kids. If you had two XY donors you could make XX, XY, and YY variants. The only viable ones would be XY and XX, YY would not reach gestation.
That said, if you took the DNA from gametes from each, removed the nucleus and mitochondria of an egg, added the total gametic DNA from both to the cell, added a mitochondria from either donor, then it should, in theory, be a viable egg like in IVF. This is actually a strategy for dealing with a mitochondrial disease by donating mitochondrial DNA from another source rather than those impacted by the disease. The problem would be there are many ways for this to go wrong and be left with an unviable embryo, so it would likely take many many eggs and many many donated cells to get a single viable egg with the donated DNA. That said, it could technically work.
For two females, you would have to implant one egg’s DNA into a sperm whose DNA was “stripped out” And for two males, the same but transferred into an egg. I’d say it could be done in the near future with the progress we did with CRISPR in the last decade, for instance.
