They believe that God wants us to use our free will, which means that proselytizing isn’t kosher (har har.) Where Christianity and Islam have spread pretty aggressively (often literally), missionary work or let alone forcing people to convert is anathema to Judaism

It’s because new religions always cherry pick the parts they like of old religions and then eventually replace them entirely. Judaism itself was just made up from parts of Zoroastrianism and Hellenism and Babylonian beliefs.

It’s all bullshit anyway so it hardly matters. Religions change as needed to meet the changing wants and needs of the people who follow them. A Christian from the time of the crusades would probably be horrified by what is considered to be Christianity today.

The Holocaust may have played a role

I am not a historian but my bet would be that it’s ultimately a political question.

Christianity was the religion of the late and medieval Roman Empire, and later of the western European colonial empires.

Islam was a religion that became a caliphate and a series of empires afterwards.

There has never been a Jewish empire, and the Jewish kingdoms (Hellenistic Israel, the Khazar khanate, Beta Israel) have been small, non impetial and relatively short lived.

Looking at religion purely as a means of comfort for people who are afraid of dying, I wouldn’t think Judaism is very popular compared to Islam or Christianity because afaik, Judaism doesn’t have a clear way to heaven.