Not sure where you got in memory alpha that they can only adapt to phasers, this is what memory alpha has to say.
The Borg were usually exceedingly quick to adapt; their shields would often nullify nearly any energy weapon, and their weapons could usually penetrate nearly any shield or defense, within minutes
Dude, it was literally the first thing I linked to, and I even quoted the most relevant portions of the entry.
Is that memory beta or something? It’s only reference is the destiny novels.
Oh, you’re right, it’s the Borg Wiki, it just looks the same because they both run on Fandom. Still, there’s no reason to think that’s no longer cannon just because Destiny is no longer cannon. We never see borg weapons adapting to anything other than phasers and photon torpedos, and there’s lots of circumstantial evidence that they can’t adapt to other weapon types.