You can. You just haven’t tried hard or long enough. Filming yourself and putting it on YouTube helps, too. Go on, champ!
You probably can if you have wireless charging. It just wouldn’t be very much to be noticeable. Not enough volts/amps.
Your phone does gain a charge of static electricity along with the rest of you, but there’s no difference in the gained charge across the pins on the charging port. So since the charging port pins see the same increase in charge they have no electric force to push it into the battery. You’re pushing equally hard into the entrance and exit. It’s like trying to blow into both ends of a hose at the same time.
Let me ask you a question, would it quench your thirst to have a glass of water poured over you?
Not correct voltage, (your phone expects to be charged at between 5 and 20V or so) the other thing is that by rubbing your feet you gather some electrons, it’s only because you did a lot of rubbing that all the extra electrons (or missing electrons, conversely) pile up or a matter of a few seconds or more, but it immediately discharges in a matter of nanoseconds (1-100 nanoseconds according to this source).
the relevant excerpt
From this stack exchange source: a nasty shock is about 3.7mJ, so for the duration of the shock (100ns) it is 37 000W, but since it took a few seconds at the very least, the average rate at which you collected that electrostatic energy from the carpet is 0.00074W, if my math is correct.
So if you had 1350 friends holding your phone rubbing your carpet, or socks that made your feet 1350 as big, and a very fancy voltage regulator, you might be able to charge a phone at rates similar to a charger?
A hand-cranked or pedal-operated generator, a solar panel would be far more feasible.