One relevant part that I couldn’t really find in the article is that helium is so light that it escapes Earth’s atmosphere when released into the air.
So any helium that is released to the air is permanently gone.
There is also no known way to synthesize helium, and it also doesn’t renew itself at all on Earth.
It’s also the only substance we have to cool stuff really far down. That’s why e.g. MRIs depend on it.
And we put this precious, finite and often life saving substance into kids’ balloons to make them bobble nicely through the air.
It does somewhat renew itself due to alpha decay, but that probably isn’t fast enough to matter.
from the wiki article on Helium:
an estimated 3000 metric tons of helium are generated per year throughout the lithosphere.
I think the main issue here is not that we are loosing helium on a planetary scale but that the easy to reach helium from gas wells is wasted. We will never run out of helium at our current rate of consumption before the sun goes nova, if we consider all sources on earth, but it will get a lot more expensive and the supply will get less steady.
But we are consuming about 6 million tons per year (https://www.chemanalyst.com/industry-report/helium-gas-market-578).
The 3000 tons are just a drop in the water and it’s pretty much impossible to get to all that.
We could recover a lot more helium from natural gas production (some fields contain a lot) but right now it’s vented because it doesn’t have enough value for the operators. Only a few places worldwide bother recovering it during refinement.
But as it gets scarcer the price will go up. Unfortunately the already vented helium is gone forever 😔
We don’t know any economical way to synthesise helium. Nuclear fusion exists.
Hydrogen fusion plants would produce helium in the reaction, which would need to be constantly filtered out.
Would be nice if that was the reason.
But not nearly the required amounts. We currently use about 6 million metric tons of helium per year.
If fusion plants ever become a commercially viable thing (and that’s a big if), they will never be able to supply anything close to that.
According to this, the anual production is 160 million cubic meters, which at a density of 0.166kg/m³ would be over 26 million metric tons of helium per year.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/925214/helium-production-worldwide-by-country/
If we currently only use 6, that’s 20 too many being produced. It would also seem like China is 95% dependent on helium import, so the US selling its reserves could be a reasonable way to level the import/export balance.
