Oh, I just read a book called 1632 that touched on this. If I recall the term for them was Sephardic Jews, and due to prejudice large portions of them moved around until settling in England because the monarchy at the time promised protection. They still weren’t allowed real positions of power, but did fill many roles as financial advisers.
Of course the book was published 25 years ago, so some of that information may be outdated.
Eric Flint wrote it. I don’t think I made it clear, but know that it’s a piece of fiction where a coal mining town from Virginia gets sent back in time to 1632 German Thuringia and brings American values to the Thirty Years War. It was written by a historian though, so the setting around the story is as accurate as it could be. A lot of the book has aged not so great in terms of what was progressive for the 90’s when it was written, but the premise is out there enough to make up for it, and I really enjoyed how the history is portrayed.