Previous coffee research with positive outcomes for coffee drinkers didn’t factor in that people with underlying medical conditions or that take medication that make them more likely to get vascular problems don’t drink coffee.

I wonder about causation from a different angle. I only drink decaf and don’t do any caffeine specifically because I know I’m at a higher risk for heart disease and caffeine has triggered cardiac episodes for me before.

Coffee isn’t expensive or time consuming. I pay about $7 for 12oz of ground coffee, and it lasts for at least a couple weeks’ worth of brewing an 8-cup pot of fresh coffee every morning.

I suppose if you pay someone else to make your coffee it would cost more, but that would be a massive waste of money to do on a regular basis.

Seems easy enough to determine: Look at the method and determine how many participants couldn’t afford coffee. If all of them could it’s a non-variable.

Personally I wish they had referenced black tea instead. It has mental & health benefits in addition to the relevant caffeine benefit.

I was wondering if it’s, like, making your heart stronger or something by having it work harder while under the effect of caffeine. 🤷🏻‍♂️